It is widely understood that poverty undermines early childhood development (ECD). In turn, poor ECD reinforces the intergenerational transmission of poverty.

Economic strengthening through comprehensive social protection may offer a ‘double boon’: it can improve child wellbeing in the shortterm and reduce poverty in the long-run. This report presents findings from a mixed-methods study that investigated how so-called graduation programmes can affect outcomes for young children, particularly seeking insights into pathways, dynamics and contextual factors that underpin positive or negative linkages. It does so in a context of widespread poverty, low levels of child wellbeing and limited availability of services in rural Haiti.