We use a data set from a graduation programme in Rwanda to explore the heterogeneous
livelihood pathways that programme participants follow during and after the programme period. We
show that household characteristics, such as gender of household head and labour availability, will
affect trajectories of change; yet, the impact of initial resources will depend on what outcomes are
being measured and possible complementarities between them. This reinforces the importance of a
multi-sectoral strategy for supporting livelihoods. We conclude that certain types of households need
longer on a programme, as well as additional support to local enabling factors to support graduation.